In which scenario do federal courts and state courts have overlapping jurisdiction?

Federal courts and state courts can have overlapping jurisdiction in certain civil actions, making it possible for these cases to be heard in either court system. This occurs primarily in matters that involve federal questions, such as those arising under federal laws, or in cases where the parties are from different states and the amount in controversy meets the requirements for federal jurisdiction.

For example, if a person from Nevada has a legal dispute with a company based in another state regarding contract issues, both the federal and state courts could potentially hear the case. This flexibility allows for a wider range of legal recourse for individuals and entities and reflects the dual court system present in the United States.

In contrast, the other scenarios presented are more restrictive in terms of court jurisdiction. Criminal cases can be prosecuted either at the state or federal level but not both for the same offense due to the principle of double jeopardy. Municipal ordinance violations are typically only heard in state or local courts, where jurisdictions for such matters lie. Lastly, matters solely concerning tribal law are generally not within the jurisdiction of either federal or state courts, as they are governed by tribal sovereignty.